Efficacy of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Combined with Exercise in Patients with Chronic Pain: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

These analyses showed that: (1) the effects from Asian and European studies were consistent, with no statistically significant differences between subgroups ( P = 0.77); (2) the difference between group-based and individual-based interventions in improving functional disability did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.40); (3) no significant difference was observed between interventions delivered by psychologists and non-psychologists ( P = 0.33); (4) no significant difference was detected between standard CBT and CBT-informed interventions ( P = 0.48); and (5) differences in pooled effects by exercise type subgroups were not significant ( P = 0.22).

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