Neuromuscular Activation Patterns in Response to Windlass Stimulation and Biofeedback: A Surface EMG Study.

Sports (Basel) · 2026 · PMC13120011 · PMID 42043090

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0569

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0887

boldest claim

The sentences

approaching significancep = 0.0569so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Biofeedback without wedges (W0°_BF) increased RMS in LAH compared to W0°_NoBF, approaching significance ( p = 0.0569, r = 0.465).

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a positive trendp = 0.0887so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Combining wedges and biofeedback produced a greater effect on MVC, particularly in RAH ( p = 0.0021, r = 0.71), while LAH showed a positive trend that did not reach significance ( p = 0.0887).

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