AI Chatbots vs. Traditional Sources: Dental Health Literacy and Confidence Among Dental Patients-A Cross-Sectional Study.

Int Dent J · 2026 · PMC13121421 · PMID 42013516

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0530

closest p · 1.1× alpha

0.0620

boldest claim

The sentences

approached significancep = 0.053so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Demographic predictors of THILS literacy were less pronounced; only gender approached significance (β = 0.12, p = 0.053).

also in 8,237 other papers

marginally significantp = .062so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Gender was associated with THILS scores (B = 0.18, p = .048), and prior chatbot use showed a marginally significant positive association (B = 0.21, p = .062).

also in 26,082 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.