Ethanol infusion of the vein of marshall-based strategies for persistent atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials.

Europace · 2026 · PMC13122365 · PMID 41922901

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0001

closest p · 0.0× alpha

0.0700

boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantP < 0.0001actually significant

A prespecified subgroup analysis (see Supplementary material online , Figure S6 ) demonstrated a highly significant interaction (χ 2 = 19.93; P < 0.0001), with a larger treatment effect in non-China studies (RR 1.30; 95% CI 1.23–1.38; I 2 = 0.0%) compared with China-based studies (RR 1.12; 95% CI 0.96–1.29; I 2 = 0.0%).

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a numerical trendP = 0.07so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

did not reach statistical significanceP = 0.07so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

While this represented a numerical trend towards increased periprocedural risk with EIVOM, the RR did not reach statistical significance (RR 1.54; 95% CI 0.94–2.54; I 2 = 0%, P = 0.07) ( Figure 11A ).

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