Humans with function-disrupting variants in the myostatin gene (MSTN) have increased skeletal muscle mass and strength, and less adiposity.

In our cross-cohort meta-analysis we observe a trend towards protective associations with several cardiometabolic traits, including a nominally significant association with lower waist-to-hip ratio following adjustment for BMI—a phenotype causally linked to cardiometabolic health 47 , 48 —and a borderline significant association with reduced HbA1C levels (Supplementary Fig. 4 ), which may warrant further investigation.

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