Investigating a mental effort explanation of the generation effect using pupillometry.

Mem Cognit · 2026 · PMC13132888 · PMID 40908467

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.0580

closest p · 1.2× alpha

0.0580

boldest claim

The sentences

approached significancep = 0.058so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

A pairwise comparison found that the difference in peak pupil diameter in the two generation conditions approached significance, M diff = −0.020, t (49) = −1.94, p = 0.058, d = 0.21.

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