Real-world effectiveness of total neoadjuvant therapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: a multicenter retrospective study.

Recurrence rates within 3 years were numerically higher in patients receiving induction and sandwich regimens compared with consolidation chemotherapy, although these differences did not reach statistical significance. In multivariable analysis, poor tumor regression grade, ypT4 stage, ypN + disease, and post-TNT CEA ≥ 3 ng/mL were independently associated with an increased risk of recurrence.

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