Impact of paternal support interventions on exclusive breastfeeding and breastfeeding self-efficacy: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Int Breastfeed J · 2026 · PMC13134082 · PMID 41877171

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0800

closest p · 1.6× alpha

0.0800

boldest claim

The sentences

a positive trendP = 0.08so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

Breastfeeding self-efficacy showed a positive trend compared with usual care (SMD = 1.06; 95% CI: −0.12 to 2.24; P = 0.08).

also in 6,397 other papers

did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Paternal support interventions increased early breastfeeding initiation by 17% (RR = 1.17; 95% CI: 1.02–1.34), which was not statistically significant at 1 month (RR = 1.30; 95% CI: 0.94–1.81), at four months it was 2.67 times (RR = 2.67; 95% CI: 1.29–5.52), and the effect at six months postpartum did not reach statistical significance (RR = 1.53; 95% CI: 0.99–2.38).

also in 61,332 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.