showed a trendp=0.154
Peak systolic velocity (PSV) in the proximal radial artery showed a trend toward higher values in failures (77.66 ± 25.56 cm/s vs. 63.44 ± 17.37 cm/s; t=1.53, p=0.154; r=−0.32, p=0.082), suggesting a potential negative association warranting further investigation in larger samples, though it did not meet statistical significance.