highly significantp < 0.001
Students in the experimental group reported substantially lower levels of anxiety (M = 2.71) than those in the control group (M = 5.84), with a highly significant difference ( t = −17.91, p < 0.001).
Students in the experimental group reported substantially lower levels of anxiety (M = 2.71) than those in the control group (M = 5.84), with a highly significant difference ( t = −17.91, p < 0.001).
Among rural students, learning motivation was significantly higher in the experimental group (M = 5.35) than in the control group (M = 4.23; t = 4.06, p < 0.001), whereas among urban students the corresponding difference was smaller and reached only marginal significance (M = 5.07 vs. 4.53; t = 1.85, p = 0.067).
In contrast, although the estimated coefficient for emotional regulation was positive, the effect did not reach statistical significance ( β = 0.221, p = 0.308), suggesting that no reliable difference in emotional regulation was detected between the experimental and control groups within the regression framework.