Single-cell transcriptomics reveals pediatric immune responses to COVID-19 vaccination.

After the first dose, cMemory CD8 + T cells showed a trend toward expansion consistent with memory establishment, whereas interferon-responsive naive CD8T_02 subset (marked by STAT1 and IFI6 ) was relatively enriched after the second dose, implying rapid interferon mobilization upon boosting ( Figure S7 B).

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In parallel, plasma cell frequencies showed a positive trend of association with Tfh cell abundance in PBMCs ( Figures 2 E and S3 D), suggesting a potential coordination between T and B cell responses.

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The frequency of naive CD4 + T cells showed a decreasing trend, whereas memory, helper, and regulatory CD4 + T cell subsets increased significantly ( Figures 1 E, 5B, and S8 B), suggesting a shift toward an activated, antigen-experienced landscape.

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