Angel or demon? The dual role of branched-chain amino acids in chronic inflammatory and injury-related diseases.

Front Immunol · 2026 · PMC13144113 · PMID 42099642

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

A systematic review and meta-analysis including 35 RCTs demonstrated that BCAA supplementation improved muscle strength (standardized mean difference [SMD]: 0.35) and muscle mass (SMD: 0.25) in older adults, though improvements in physical function did not reach statistical significance ( 53 ).

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highly significantno p-value reported

showed that five branched-chain and aromatic amino acids (isoleucine, leucine, valine, tyrosine, and phenylalanine) had highly significant associations with future diabetes, with a combination of three amino acids predicting future diabetes with more than fivefold higher risk for individuals in the top quartile ( 11 ).

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.