Genomic interplay between deployment exposures and Gulf War illness in Million Veteran Program participants.

With respect to loci identified by GWI candidate gene studies [ 50 – 52 ] and the previous GWI genome-wide association study (GWAS) (Table S7) [ 16 ], we observed nominally significant interaction with exposure to biological/chemical or warfare agents for GWAS-identified locus rs142258944*C (G×E beta = 0.625, joint- p = 6.04 × 10 − 10 , interaction- p = 0.005) and candidate locus PON1 rs662*C (G×E beta = 0.345, joint- p = 0.036, interaction- p = 0.012).

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