The Associations Between Heart Rate, Deformational Echocardiographic Parameters, and Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation.

JACC Asia · 2026 · PMC13153893 · PMID 41830947

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a clear trendno p-value reported

Second, there was a clear trend toward more clinical events at faster heart rates, with a heart rate ≥100 beats/min demonstrating a significantly increased risk of the composite endpoint and its individual components.

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an obvious trendno p-value reported

The impact of heart rate on clinical outcomes in AF In the present study, despite the statistically significant but minor differences of the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc score (between 3.5 to 4.1) among variable heart rate groups, we observed an obvious trend of elevated risks of ischemic stroke and other adverse events at faster heart rates.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.