Abbreviations AKI Acute kidney injury ANOVA Analysis of variance BB Beta blocker BMI Body mass index CI Confidence interval CONSORT Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials COPD Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease CRP C-reactive protein CT Computed tomography CVL Central venous line DAI Diffuse axonal injury DBP Diastolic blood pressure DCL Disturbed conscious level DM Diabetes mellitus EDH Epidural hematoma FFH Falling from height GABA Gamma-aminobutyric acid GCS Glasgow coma scale Hb Hemoglobin HCV Hepatitis C virus HR Heart rate HS Highly significant HSD Honestly significant difference HTN Hypertension ICP Intracranial pressure ICU Intensive care unit ITT Intention-to-Treat IJV Internal jugular vein INR International normalized ratio IQR Interquartile range IRB Institutional review board LOS Length of stay LSD Least significant difference MAP M
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Propranolol monotherapy versus combined propranolol-gabapentin for prevention of paroxysmal sympathetic hyperactivity after moderate-severe traumatic brain injury: a randomized controlled trial.
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Safety outcomes showed no excess hemodynamic risk with propranolol [ 29 ], and sedation practices were balanced across groups, though the combination group showed a trend toward higher propofol use [ 30 , 31 ].