Effects of Vitamin C, Rosmarinic Acid, or Quercetin on Fertilisation-Related Gene Expression in Porcine Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes During In Vitro Maturation.

Int J Mol Sci · 2026 · PMC13164473 · PMID 42123385

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highly significantno p-value reported

Highly significant effects of COC quality class, antioxidant treatment, and their interaction were revealed by statistical analysis using two-way ANOVA across all analysed genes ( p < 0.001).

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

While vitamin C and quercetin maintained higher transcript levels than those detected in the corresponding control groups, the increases observed after rosmarinic acid supplementation in class II and class III COCs did not reach statistical significance.

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