Sex as an effect modifier in the association between screen time and depression among US adults with trouble sleeping: A cross-sectional study from NHANES 2005-2018.

Medicine (Baltimore) · 2026 · PMC13166634 · PMID 42116298

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nominally significantno p-value reported

The association between screen time and depression varied significantly by sex ( P for interaction = .031), A nominally significant interaction was also observed for household income ( P for interaction = .015), whereas no significant effect modification was observed across the other subgroups, with all interaction P values exceeding .05 (Fig. 3 ). 3.6.

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