Informative HPV testing after conization and its impact on time-varying estimates: a GAMM-based cohort study.

The effective degrees of freedom were 4.95 (single infection) and 4.78 (multiple infection), with both smooth terms highly significant ( P < 0.001), supporting non-linear postoperative trajectories.

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However, the group-by-time interaction did not reach statistical significance in either the <20-month or ≥20-month periods (OR = 1.51, 95% CI: 0.87–2.64; P = 0.1440; and OR = 1.24, 95% CI: 0.56–2.75; P = 0.5932, respectively). 6 Discussion In this real-world post-conization surveillance cohort, we used generalized additive mixed models (GAMMs) to characterize the non-linear time-varying trajectory of postoperative HPV positivity and to assess whether baseline infection multiplicity (single vs. multiple) was associated with differential postoperative trajectories.

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