The effect of sedation methods on early postoperative cognitive decline in patients undergoing hip fracture surgery with spinal anesthesia: a prospective cohort study.

BMC Surg · 2026 · PMC13170041 · PMID 41917926

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

In patients eligible for the CDT (MMSE ≥ 23), scores declined in both groups after surgery ( p < 0.001), though these reductions did not reach statistical significance either between groups (Table 2 ).

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