Current Status of Middle Meningeal Artery Embolization for Chronic Subdural Hematoma: An International Perspective Including Japan.

However, given that approximately 30% of patients managed conservatively ultimately require surgery, 20 ) MMAE may be considered in selected cases as a minimally invasive option when follow-up imaging demonstrates a clear trend toward hematoma enlargement or when a large hematoma raises substantial concern for imminent symptom development, analogous to the strategy for mild symptomatic cases.

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