showed a trendP = 0.058
Using the external datasets, we observed consistent associations between LST and female reproductive disorders, including menorrhagia (OR = 1.147, 95% CI: 1.037 to 1.268), endometriosis (OR = 1.197, 95% CI: 1.007 to 1.424), and PCOS (OR = 1.415, 95% CI: 1.085 to 1.845), while ectopic pregnancy showed a trend of elevated risk with 95% CI overlapping with the null (OR = 1.251, 95% CI: 0.992 to 1.578, P = 0.058; see Table S15 and Fig. 6 A).