showed a trendp = 0.071
HOMA-IR showed a trend toward greater reduction in the KD group (median Δ : 1.6 (IQR: 0.8–3.6) vs. 1.2 (IQR: 0.3–2.7); p = 0.071, Cohen’s d = 0.34), suggesting a potential mild clinical effect despite not reaching statistical significance.