External ventricular drainage in modern neurosurgical practice: optimization, standardization, and emerging guidance technologies.

Front Neurol · 2026 · PMC13183567 · PMID 42164131

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentence

0.1680

closest p · 3.4× alpha

0.1680

boldest claim

The sentences

did not reach statistical significancep = 0.168not close (p > 0.1)

( 4 ) evaluated 294 EVD patients including 45 ultrasound guided procedures and found suboptimal placement rates of 15.6% with ultrasound versus 20.8% freehand, although this did not reach statistical significance ( p = 0.168).

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