a positive trendP = 0.064
Figure 2 multivariable analysis indicates that after Z-score standardization and adjustment for multiple confounders, LAP, VAI, and CMI were all significantly positively associated with gallstone risk ( P < 0.05), with LAP showing the strongest association (OR = 1.15); AIP also exhibited a positive trend but did not reach statistical significance ( P = 0.064).