The positivity rate of opioid drug urine testing in an emergency department between 2016 and 2024, before and after the introduction of fentanyl testing.

Subst Abuse Treat Prev Policy · 2026 · PMC13188590 · PMID 41935277

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a significant trendno p-value reported

Excluding fentanyl results, the proportion of opioid-positive tests decreased from 15.4% in 2016 to 11.6% in 2024, but when including fentanyl (available since 2023), the proportion in 2024 was 14% and did not show a significant trend.

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a decreasing trendno p-value reported

However, a decreasing trend of opioids screened positive was observed (from 15.4% in 2016 to 11.6% in 2024).

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an increasing trendno p-value reported

While over the years, a stable number of admissions to the ED was observed, an increasing trend in the proportion of those who underwent toxicology screening (our study cohort) was evident.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.