Cows visually discriminate and cross-modally recognise familiar and unfamiliar human faces in videos.

Additionally, in the cross-modal condition, the interaction between congruence and voice familiarity was tested for both first gaze duration and total gaze duration, and did not reach statistical significance (GLMMs; respectively: χ 2 = 1.739; df = 1; Z = −1.319; p = 0.187; χ 2 = 2.851; df = 1; Z = −1.689; p = 0.093).To determine whether cows reacted to the voice they heard, HR variation and mean HR were analysed according to the voice broadcast during cross-modal tests (familiar vs unfamiliar voice).

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