<i>Apocynum venetum</i> L. leaves extract inhibits ferroptosis and improves renal fibrosis in diabetic kidney disease by regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway.

In the present study, elevated levels of SCr and BUN, along with increased the expression of KIM-1, were observed in db/db mice; Cys-C levels also showed an increasing trend, collectively indicating impaired renal function.

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Cys-C levels showed a decreasing trend following AVLE treatment, although the difference did not reach statistical significance ( Figure 1I ).

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