Integrative transcriptomic and metabolomic analysis reveals key genes and regulatory networks underlying seed germination in Polygonatum sibiricum.

An analysis of the phytohormone content in our study revealed that ABA levels were elevated during dormancy, whereas GA 3 and JA levels peaked at the seed coat breakthrough stage, while IAA exhibited an increasing trend—this hormone dynamic is consistent with the changing pattern observed in the closely related species Polygonatum cyrtonema , where ABA, active GAs, IAA, and JA gradually decrease with the progression of germination to match the physiological demand for endosperm weakening [ 23 ].

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sibiricum seeds, ABA content showed a trend of first decreasing then increasing, declining at stages B and C to the lowest point at stage C (embryo just breaking through the seed coat for germination completion), rebounding at stage D and peaking at stage E, ABA decreasing first and then increasing during seed germination may be closely related to the survival of the seedlings [ 14 ].

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