A multi-criteria sustainability and engine performance study of andropogon narudus biodiesel using the PUGH matrix and ML.

Sci Rep · 2026 · PMC13199504 · PMID 41957476

Europe PMC DOI

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a clear trendno p-value reported

Above all, the BTE of the AN biofuel(biodiesel) at each level of injection pressure measures follow a clear trend of improvement while sweeping the engine load from 25% to 100%.

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a notable trendno p-value reported

A notable trend seen in most of the fuel blends and injection pressures is a decline in the emission of CO with an increase in engine load from 0% to 50% or 75%, with a rise thereafter at 100% load.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.