Optimized LL-37-Derived Peptides Exhibit Antitubercular Activity, Induce Membrane Disruption, and P-Type ATPase Transcriptional Responses in <i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>.

Treatment with LL37-1 resulted in a statistically significant increase in ctpA and ctpH expression (* p = 0.0144 and * p = 0.0498, respectively), while no statistically significant change was observed for ctpF expression ( ns, p = 0.6543), despite a marked decrease in fold change (≈0.08), suggesting a strong biological trend that did not reach statistical significance under the experimental conditions.

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