did not reach statistical significancep = 0.0705
This difference did not reach statistical significance (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.0705).
This difference did not reach statistical significance (Fisher’s exact test, p = 0.0705).
Severe complications were rare and were observed predominantly in the on-clamp group, consistent with previous studies that did not demonstrate statistically significant differences in Clavien–Dindo ≥ III complications between techniques, although some reports have described a numerical trend favoring the off-clamp approach [ 22 , 24 ].