Multimodal Hand Hygiene Interventions and Clinical Healthcare-Associated Infection Outcomes in Acute Care Hospitals: A Systematic Review of Quasi-Experimental Studies.

J Clin Med · 2026 · PMC13207023 · PMID 42194842

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

difficile HAIs decreased by 56% after implementation of an automated hand hygiene monitoring system combined with supplementary promotional strategies, but this reduction did not reach statistical significance, while C. difficile infections increased by 60%, largely driven by two study units [ 44 ].

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