The Potential of a Graphene Monolayer in Macrophage Polarization Using RAW 264.7 Cells.

J Funct Biomater · 2026 · PMC13208369 · PMID 42188399

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Culturing macrophages on a graphene monolayer as a substrate for LPS- and IFN-γ-stimulated cells was associated with a trend toward reduced expression of all analyzed M1-associated markers compared with the control M1 group; however, this effect did not reach statistical significance.

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