Update on Contrast-Induced Nephropathy: Recent Developments in Its Prevention, Early Diagnosis, and Therapy.

Medicina (Kaunas) · 2026 · PMC13208808 · PMID 42195201

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near statistical significanceno p-value reported

The results showed increased IL-18 levels in patients who developed CI-AKI, reaching near statistical significance at 24 h; however, levels declined by 72 h, suggesting limited reliability of serum IL-18 as a sustained biomarker for CI-AKI [ 78 ].

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