Preliminary Evaluation of Gemini-Surfactant-Based Formulations for Antifungal Seed Treatment in Wheat.

Molecules · 2026 · PMC13209164 · PMID 42197122

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

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closest p · 0.0× alpha

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highly significantp < 0.001actually significant

Factorial ANOVA revealed highly significant effects of all tested factors (variety, pathogen, surface disinfection, and treatment) and their interactions (all p < 0.001), indicating a strongly context-dependent response.

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showed a trendno p-value reported

10 (mean: 6.8 cm) showed a trend toward increased root length compared to untreated grain sample no. 5 (mean: 4.9 cm).

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