Perioperative Immunonutrition for Elective Surgery: Review of Mechanisms, Summary of Evidence, and Future Directions.

Nutrients · 2026 · PMC13210288 · PMID 42197062

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

(Ann Surg, 2024) conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of 48 RCTs across head and neck and gastrointestinal cancer surgery patients, finding high-certainty evidence that immunonutrition reduces total postoperative complications (RR 0.78; 95% CI 0.66–0.93), though the reduction in infectious complications alone did not reach statistical significance in malnutrition-stratified analyses [ 50 ].

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