A Review of Robotic Weeding Modalities for Site-Specific Weed Management.

Although these methods are generally less mature than the major weeding modalities discussed above and remain largely at the stage of experimental validation or prototype development, they collectively point to an important trend: reducing dependence on chemical control while building a more diversified and environmentally sustainable weed management system through deep integration with precision detection, site-specific application, and intelligent robotic platforms [ 83 , 84 , 85 , 87 ].

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