Mucosal Delivery of Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike Receptor-Binding Domain Antigen Containing Immune-Stimulating Peptides Induces Protective Immune Responses Against Viral Infection in huACE2 Mice.

Although Ag-specific IgA levels did not differ significantly among groups, they showed an increasing trend in BALF from conjugate-immunized mice ( Figure 3 A).

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While the difference did not reach statistical significance, the proportion of IFN-γ-producing CD8 + T-cells in the lungs of mice immunized with the conjugate was generally higher than in mice immunized with PBS or RBD19 (0.59% ± 0.17% vs. 0.16% ± 0.03% or 0.33% ± 0.06%) ( Figure 2 C).

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