The Case for Pneumococcal Surface Protein A (PspA): A Comprehensive Review of a Leading Candidate in Pneumococcal Vaccine Research.

Vaccines (Basel) · 2026 · PMC13211671 · PMID 42188747

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showed a trendno p-value reported

In the VT4+NVT33 model, PCV13 significantly reduced VT4 but showed a trend toward increased NVT33 colonization, whereas PspA1+PspA4+wP reduced both strains, achieving significant reduction (of two logs) of NVT33 compared to wP alone.

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