The two groups exhibited a certain degree of separation in the ordination space; however, the difference between groups did not reach statistical significance (R = 0.12439, p = 0.069) ( Figure 7 A).
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Effects of an <i>Astragalus membranaceus</i> Stem and Leaf-<i>Angelica sinensis</i> Stem and Leaf Mixture on Serum Parameters, Gut Microbiota, and Metabolomic Profiles in Simmental Weaned Bull Calves.
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A value of p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant, while p < 0.01 or p < 0.001 was considered highly significant.The data plots were generated using GraphPad Prism 9.5.0 (GraphPad Software, Boston, MA, USA).
Following AASL supplementation, IL-4 levels showed an increasing trend, although the change did not reach statistical significance, suggesting that AASL may have a certain tendency to modulate anti-inflammatory cytokines, but that this effect was not stable under the conditions of the present study.