Early-life painful and stressful exposures and neurodevelopment in preterm infants.

Front Pediatr · 2026 · PMC13212501 · PMID 42212106

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0940

closest p · 1.9× alpha

0.0940

boldest claim

The sentences

a marginal trendp = 0.094so close (0.05 < p ≤ 0.1)

A marginal trend was observed for language development at 1 years CA ( p = 0.094), suggesting a possible association between higher MOM intake and reduced impact of composite pain scores, though these findings should be interpreted cautiously.

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showed a trendno p-value reported

Greater MOM intake showed a trend toward being protective, suggesting a potential role in individualized neonatal care.

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Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.