Effects of Driving Task Demands and Information Load on AR-HUD Cognitive Efficiency: The Moderating Role of Working Memory Capacity in a VR-Based Simulated Driving Environment.

Simple-effects analyses revealed that the between-group difference in TFD was not significant at VILs 1–3 ( p s > 0.05, d < 0.25), reached marginal significance at VIL 4 ( p = 0.033, d = 0.34), and became non-significant again at VILs 5–6 ( p s > 0.05, d < 0.19).

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The three-way interaction effect among VIL, WMC, and the driving scenario on the RT did not reach statistical significance ( χ 2 = 8.029, p = 0.626).

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For VIL, TFD showed an increasing trend with higher VILs: those at Levels 1, 2, and 3 were all significantly lower than for the baseline Level 6 ( p < 0.001), while Levels 4 and 5 showed no significant difference from Level 6 ( p > 0.05).

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Total Fixation Duration (TFD) for the Icon AOI As shown in Table 7 , the main effects of WMC ( χ 2 = 29.188, p < 0.001), VIL ( χ 2 = 1233.830, p < 0.001), and the driving scenario ( χ 2 = 159.624, p < 0.001) were highly significant.

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