The prevalence and association between electronic cigarette use and dry eye symptom severity among Palestinian university students: a cross-sectional study.

BMC Ophthalmol · 2026 · PMC13217675 · PMID 42204489

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Exclusive e-cigarette use was associated with higher odds of dry eye symptom severity (OR = 1.64; 95% CI 0.89–3.02; p = 0.113), although this association did not reach statistical significance.

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