Adolescent sports participation and social-class health inequalities: evidence from CHNS.

The main effect of sports participation was not significant, and the interaction term between sports participation and age also failed to reach statistical significance (β30 = 0.0275 ± 0.0176, p > 0.05).

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However, sports participation exhibited a significant negative main effect (β20 = −0.4974 ± 0.2298, p < 0.05), while the interaction term between sports participation and age showed a marginally significant negative trend (β30 = −0.0965 ± 0.0517, p ≈ 0.06).

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3 Results 3.1 Reality of health inequality across social classes Univariate analysis of variance results based on five survey waves revealed statistically significant differences in self-rated health across social-class groups, with a pronounced trend toward widening health inequality over time ( Table 2 ).

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However, since the decline was smaller among the physically active group than among the inactive group, the health gap between them showed an increasing trend year by year.

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The interaction term for sports participation × age also failed to reach significance, suggesting that simple binary interactions may be insufficient to explain the complex mechanisms among variables.

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