Probiotics, synbiotics and berberine in Type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and molecular dynamics simulation study.

PLoS One · 2026 · PMC13221027 · PMID 42213651

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did not reach statistical significanceno p-value reported

Longer-duration interventions (≥12 weeks; n = 853 participants) showed a modest reduction in HbA1c that did not reach statistical significance (MD = −0.15%, 95% CI: −0.34 to 0.05, I2 = 89.3%) (Fig S4 in S1 File ).

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