Circulating Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) profiles as a biomarker of gut-brain axis dysfunction: A meta-analysis for the SCFA signature in major depression.

3.2 Decreasing trend of circulating short-chain fatty acid levels in major depressive disorder patients Noting a decreasing trend in circulating SCFAs concentrations across studies of MDD patients, a secondary analysis was conducted using five studies that used DSM IV/V to diagnose MDD patients and measured circulating SCFAs levels [ [23] , [24] , [25] , 34 ].

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Acetic acid (SMD = – 0.37, 95% CI: 0.77 to 0.03, p-value = 0.070) and hexanoic acid (SMD = −0.53, 95% CI: −1.09 to −0.03, p-value = 0.060) also showed a lower trend in the depressed group, although only near significance.

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Research on other tissues (e.g., plasma, serum, and brain) was very limited, and the findings were inconsistent among models, making it difficult to establish a clear trend of increase or decrease in these samples.

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