How does self-control influences college students' smartphone dependence: The chain mediating effect of mental toughness and social adaptability.

Meanwhile, the results showed that “the indirect association of self-control → mental toughness → smartphone dependence did not reach statistical significance, but the effect size was positive (β = 0.05).” Combined with the mediation model test data in Table 2 , it was found that although the path coefficient between mental toughness and smartphone dependence was not significant, the path coefficient showed a positive sign.

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