Mechanistic study on the reduction of TNF-α and β-CTX levels in RA patients by moxibustion combined with western medication through regulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway.

Moxibustion Group: After treatment, all observed serum markers (OPG, IL-17A, β-Catenin, LRP-6, GSK-3β, WNT3a, β-CTX, TNF-α) showed highly significant improvement compared to pre-treatment levels (all P < 0.01). 4.4.2 Intergroup comparison (post-treatment) Post-treatment intergroup comparison revealed that the moxibustion group demonstrated significantly greater improvement in multiple indicators compared to the control group: Serum levels of OPG and LRP-6 in the moxibustion group were significantly higher than those in the control group (both P < 0.05).

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In the sensitivity analysis using ANCOVA, which adjusts for minor baseline numerical differences, the group differences for IL-17A and TNF-α were in the same direction (negative) but did not reach statistical significance (both P = 0.107).

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