From an inferential standpoint, the Chi-square test demonstrated a highly significant association between distal caries at M2 and caries at M3 ( χ 2(1) = 21.84, p < 0.001), indicating a strong tendency for these two conditions to appear together.
Chi-square testing indicated statistically significant differences in the distribution of periodontal involvement [ χ 2(7) = 15.63, p = 0.028] and root resorption [ χ 2(7) = 14.87, p = 0.037] across Pell & Gregory classes, while differences for M2 and M3 caries did not reach statistical significance ( p > 0.05). 3.7.
However, external root resorption demonstrated a clear age trend, being more frequent in the 31–45 group compared to both younger and older patients, though the difference narrowly missed statistical significance [ χ 2(2) = 4.28, p = 0.118]. 3.5.