YouTube as a Source of Water Birth Information: An Analysis of Gaps, Misalignments, and Adherence With American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) Guidelines.

Cureus · 2026 · PMC13238166 · PMID 42255792

Europe PMC DOI

hedged sentences

0.0010

closest p · 0.0× alpha

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boldest claim

The sentences

highly significantp=0.001actually significant

Conversely, negative sentiment appeared nearly twice as frequently in North American videos (47%, n=24) versus international videos (27%, n=6), with this difference being highly significant (X2 (df=1, N=64)=10.86, p=0.001).

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a clear trendno p-value reported

The correlation between creator type and content accuracy demonstrates a clear trend: videos by healthcare professionals and commercially produced content had fewer inaccuracies than personal vlogs, highlighting a potential risk for misinformation among general viewers seeking firsthand experiences.

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an interesting trendno p-value reported

This suggests an interesting trend that thumbnails and visual framing may impact perceived reliability of the content, potentially reflecting greater production input or institutional oversight.

also in 1,024 other papers

Quoted from the open-access full text in Europe PMC under the licence the publisher applied. The sentence is reproduced exactly as published; the emphasis is ours.